Christmas Gifts You Love (to Hate) :: essays research papers

Christmas Gifts You Love (to Hate) Zack Imus Christmas. The most energizing and foreseen occasion of the year. A period at the point when dreams of sugar plums- - or sound systems, new vehicles, the most recent PC, and different other alluring and costly blessings - move through our heads. Sadly the truth of Christmas present giving is frequently a long ways from our dreams. At the point when we're kids, it appears as the special seasons approach that anything is conceivable. Be that as it may, as we develop and gain involvement in this yearly recognition it in the long run starts to occur to on us that it may not generally be all it's laughed hysterically to be. When we've arrived at our late teenagers - when, unintentionally, the potential for accepting genuinely extraordinary endowments is streamlined - we understand that Christmas presents are only from time to time what we trust in. Truth be told, from year to year it gets conceivable to really foresee the sorts of endowments you'll open up on Christmas morning. How about we take a gander at a couple of models. The Necessity Gift The need blessing is one that consistently appears to be an extremely extraordinary thought to your mom or grandma, yet which is constantly a major yawn to open up. We should be sensible, how energized is anyone prone to get over twelve sets of coordinating socks, a hairbrush, winter gloves or clothing? Shoe Sox, new sheet sets and toothbrushes additionally qualify. In the wake of opening up such a blessing, an individual is prone to shout: "Gosh, you shouldn't have!" And would not joke about this. The Token Gift The Token Gift may be gotten from nearly anybody. In spite of the fact that it appears as a personal companion or close relative wouldn't stoop so low, experience demonstrates that token blessings take up where creative mind or potentially cash leaves off. So it's conceivable to get these sorts of blessings from the most unforeseen sources. One present in this class is the ever well known "soap-on-a-rope." I've never observed these advertised in June. In any case, come early November the cleanser industrial facilities without a doubt pay twofold extra time to their laborers so as to meet the immense occasion interest for anonymous, impactful smelling earthy colored cleanser fabricated over the highest point of what seems, by all accounts, to be a six-foot-long shoestring. A note of alert: Cleanser on-a-rope ought to never be given to young men younger than 12. They constantly transform them into close deadly weapons. Whenever sufficiently baffled, they may even turn them on you. Other token endowments incorporate modest facial cleanser salve/cologne, writing material, and the ever-famous electric shaver. Despite the fact that this last may sporadically fit into the Necessity Gift classification, I've never met any individual who really utilizes an electric shaver. Consequently, this blessing may likewise fit into our next classification. The Closet Stuffer Gift Wardrobe Stuffers are actually what they sound like: endowments that are full

Terrorism is a form of risk that is impossible to manage Essay

Fear based oppression is a type of hazard that is difficult to oversee - Essay Example Fear mongering consistently stems up in the most vulnerable of classes inside a general public. (THACKRAH, 2004) Its early stages is along these lines reproduced and supported in the most minimal of classes inside the way of life. This frail class in an underdeveloped country is as a general rule the majority. People's opinion of the type of government is truly given a demeanor of apathetic encounters when fear based oppression begins to manifest out of nowhere. This makes a sentiment of scorn for the legislative foundations just as the individuals in charge of issues, i.e., the ones who are producing the strategies and are running the legislature. (OOTS, 1986) Psychological oppression requests of individuals to change their method of looking and anticipating something, on the off chance that they accomplish besides, from the legislature. It has been the situation for a long time that at whatever point government inside a specific nation is in a place of financial and safeguard power, psychological warfare crawls up out of nowhere and entrances its vote based organizations destroyed and reclamation. The need of great importance on these countries’ part is to battle against the fear monger exercises with a harsh hand yet in a progressively trained and moral manner. On the off chance that the equivalent isn't done, contempt is the most widely recognized of responses that have been seen for days of yore for these nations. Fear based oppression has changed the essence of the world. The individuals of this world have begun to feel risky at whatever point they are inside a crowd and consequently various presumptions have begun to occur as worries to the premise of various gatherings, occasions, shows et cetera. This has truly introduced an extremely dreary image of the harmony angle related with this world. It must be changed and there should think mentality move inside the worldwide masses to begin with. Individuals need to comprehend their particular obligations and afterward reverberation the equivalent in the light of the various arrangements and methodologies

BCOM 300 Week 2 Electronic Ad Campaign - 275 Words

BCOM 300 Week 2 Electronic Ad Campaign (Coursework Sample) Content: BCOM 300 Week 2 Electronic Ad Campaign Name Institution Products: Pampers and Human Hair The target audience for pampers is young mothers and guardians who use baby products as part of their daily routine. Most of the young mothers get disappointed by the existing brands due to low quality and high prices. For the human hair, I will target young campus ladies and middle-class women who have a sense of fashion. Human hair is more expensive than the ordinary braids and adds a feeling of elegance to the appearance. The best electronic media for pampers and human hair is Television. Television advertising has the longest reach and is a favorable option for presenting a consistent message. The television advertising is entertaining and takes a shorter time to inform the target audience using motion, sound and color on the advert. Before settling on electronic media to use, I will consider how the target audience accepts and reacts to the particular electronic media. Also, I will consider the reach and frequency of the various media options. Arens et al., (2009) define reach as the number of individuals who will be exposed to the specific electronic media. The other marketing strategy to use is outdoor advertising. Unlike the traditional advertising media, outdoor advertising reaches a wider market and is a low-cost option. Outdoor advertising entai...

The Ethical Implications Of Science And Technology

Science and technology are advancing at an extremely rapid pace, sometimes without regard to consequences. In the 1950’s Robert Briggs and Thomas King were successfully able to clone frogs using nuclei from embryonic cells. Then in 1996, Ian Wilmot cloned a sheep named Dolly from an udder cell of an adult cell. The news of Dolly rocked the world to its core. All types of people began surfacing with the ethical concerns about its potential uses and terror of what might come next: human cloning. As reported in the article, â€Å"Clinton Bars Federal Funds for Human Cloning Research† by CNN, in 1997, President Clinton stopped all federal funding for cloning. â€Å"Clinton also called on privately funded researchers to voluntarily implement a temporary moratorium on human cloning research ‘until our bioethics advisory committee and our entire nation has had time to... debate the ethical implications’† (CNN). With scientific discoveries such as cloning ma ny people rely on the wisdom of repugnance to decide what is right and wrong. The wisdom of repugnance, which is more commonly known as the â€Å"yuck† factor, is used in arguments to appeal to our sense of disgust. Some believe that the wisdom of repugnance is an instinctive negative response to an idea or practice that should be interpreted as evidence for the intrinsically harmful. Repugnance should not be the sole determining factor when making a judgement, which is what author Leon R. Kass unjustly bases his against cloning on. 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Big corporations are spending billions of dollars into CRISPR-Cas9 research because the possibilities are endless and could lead to new applications

William Shakespeare s Macbeth Women s Agency - 2261 Words

Cory Weaver Michael R Kightley English 201 24 November 2014 Relative Masculinity in Macbeth: Women’s Agency William Shakespeare uses Macbeth to show the agency that is created for women when men are pushed into proving their own masculinity. In order to fully understand Shakespeare’s portrayal of masculinity in Macbeth we must first examine the stereotypes of the Elizabethan era that effected Shakespeare’s writing. â€Å"Defining what a female was supposed to be and do was an act of Renaissance culture, as it has been for other times. For Shakespeare, as well as for most of Renaissance society, women as the feminine represented the following virtues which, importantly, have their meaning in relationship to the male; obedience, silence, sexual chastity, piety, humility, constancy, and patience. However, gender characteristics were socially constructed and there was an easy cross-over of masculine and feminine traits to both genders.† (Gerlach, Almasy, Daniel, Revisiting Shakespeare and Gender). Defining masculine an d feminine characteristics allowed writers like Shakespeare to draw males with certain feminine characteristics and females with certain masculine characteristics. â€Å"This merging of masculine and feminine traits in both males and females helps to explain how easy it was for the Elizabethan stage to employ and accept all male casts.† (Gerlach, Almasy, Daniel, Revisiting Shakespeare and Gender). These plays utilized men to play strong female characters like LadyShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Character of Macbeth from Macbeth1960 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth from Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth we find a guilt and fear-ridden usurper of the throne of Scotland. Let us study this character in this essay.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy paints a portrait of Macbeth:    Macbeth, the cousin of a King mild, just, and beloved, but now too old to lead his army, is introduced to us as a general of extraordinary prowess, who has covered himself with glory in putting down a rebellion and repelling theRead More The Hero? In Macbeth Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesThe Hero? In Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   The tragedy Macbeth highlights an ambivalent character who wants to be king. This paper will take a close look at his character.    Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare states that every reader rejoices at the fall of Macbeth (133).    In Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley talks about Macbeth as a responsible agent for his actions:    It is essential to the hypnotic tension of the play that Macbeth should not seem in any ordinary way responsibleRead MoreThe Complicated Politics Of Gender Identity Essay3466 Words   |  14 PagesQueerness in Macbeth: The Complicated Politics of Gender Identity Saswata Kusari and Prof. Mahua Bhattacharjee Abstract: The thematic concern of appearance and reality is dealt with at various levels in Macbeth. This paper is an exploration of how the conventional ideas of gender and sexuality are subverted in this play. The paper would also seek to explore how the paradigmatic shift in the conventional gender identity creates a sense of queerness. Our attempt is to interrogate the play from anRead More Psychoanalytical Criticism2775 Words   |  12 PagesThe focus of this essay is to apply these psychoanalytical techniques while interpreting Lady Macbeth’s character in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. However, before I begin my argument, I feel that Lacan’s concepts of psychoanalytical theory need some introduction. One of the more prevalent psychoanalytical theorists since Freud was Jacques Lacan and I will use Lacan’s â€Å"The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud† as a starting point to explain some of his concepts of psychoanalyticalRead MoreThe Occupation of a Carpenter Essay2229 Words   |  9 Pagesworking as contractors themselves on small jobs. Jobs Carpenters held about 1.1 million jobs in 1998. Most of them, about 80 percent, worked for contractors who build or repair buildings. Most others worked for private firms, government agencies, retail stores, and schools. Nearly one-third were self-employed. Carpenters get jobs in most parts of the country. Preparing for the job Carpenters learn their work mostly on the job and through training programs. Many carpenters learn

Effectiveness of Preoperative Immunonutrition-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Did the trial address a clearly focused Issues? 2.Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally? Answers: 1.The validity of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) by Barker et al. (2013) is understood by its clear research purpose and focus. The review of the article showed that the main purpose of the study was evaluating the effectiveness of preoperative immunonutrition supplementation (intervention) on post operation outcomes (outcomes) between well nourished (population studied) and malnourished gastrointestinal patients (comparator). Hence, from this statement, the intervention provides and population studied is clearly understood. The significance of this research is that it points out to the issue of adverse post operative outcome in patient undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery due to malnutrition and stress. Some of the adverse post operative outcome includes high treatment cost, increased mortality, impaired wound healing, high infection rate and depressed immune system. Depressed immunes system is one of the major challenges that contribute to other negative issues in patie nt post surgery. Research has showed that immunonutrition has the potential to minimize early inflammation in surgery and improve post operative outcomes (Zheng et al. 2007). However, there is lack of evidence regarding the function of immunoutrition according to nutritional status. Hence, the use of RCT to evaluate effect of immunutrition supplementation on post operative outcome is an important research area that will have many positive implications in the future. 2.One of the unique elements of RCT studies is that it studies the effect of any intervention by randomization of patients to treatment and control group. Hence, apart from the treatment, all other things and conditions must remain same in treatment and control group. Barker et al. (2013) also treated the groups equally by maintaining a balanced group. A balanced group can be assessed by the method of enrolment, randomization, allocation concealment, blinding and follow up procedure used in the study (Farrokhyar et al. 2010). In the study by Barker et al. (2013), participants were randomized into treatment or control group in 1:1 ratio. Furthermore after admission, all surgical and hospital staffs were blinded to patients treatment allocation and only researchers were blinded to participants treatment group. This helps to minimize any potential bias during the research (Clark, Fairhurst and Torgerson 2016). There was no lost to follow up case post the allocation too. In addition, adh erence to trial protocols also strengthens the validity and credibility of the group and equal treatment of the group. Patients were also analyzed in the group to which they were randomly assigned. References Barker, L.A., Gray, C., Wilson, L., Thomson, B.N.J., Shedda, S. and Crowe, T.C., 2013. Preoperative immunonutrition and its effect on postoperative outcomes in well-nourished and malnourished gastrointestinal surgery patients: a randomised controlled trial.European journal of clinical nutrition,67(8), pp.802-807. Clark, L., Fairhurst, C. and Torgerson, D.J., 2016. Allocation concealment in randomised controlled trials: are we getting better?.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),355. Farrokhyar, F., Bajammal, S., Kahnamoui, K. and Bhandari, M., 2010. Ensuring balanced groups in surgical trials.Canadian Journal of Surgery,53(6), p.418. Zheng, Y.M., Li, F., Qi, B.J., Luo, B., Sun, H.C., Liu, S. and Wu, X.T., 2007. Application of perioperative immunonutrition for gastrointestinal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,16(S1), pp.253-257.

Journalism/Media/Television Essays - Television, Series, CBS News

Journalism/Media/Television Journalism/Media/Television 27 Influential Years of 60 Minutes 27 Years of Influential 60 Minutes Since 1968 America has been better enlightened than previously concerning current events and happenings around the world. A considerable factor for this occurrence is the television program 60 Minutes which debuted on the air in September of 1968. Many other television newsmagazines have been produced since its creation, however none have possessed the longevity nor the influence of 60 Minutes. In fact, 60 Minutes, which is owned by CBS News, was the first regular network news program to cover actual stories as opposed to topics. Today, similar newsmagazines can be seen every night of the week on various stations, all of which were sparked by the inception of 60 Minutes. All of the tabloid television programs being shown today are also a result of 60 Minutes and its bold, gutsy, "gotcha" style of television journalism. 60 Minutes changed the way that the American public receives its television news, stemming forth a whole new format of television broadcast journalism. 60 Minutes has a vast history of stories covered, yet the format has remained unchanged. Don Hewett, creator and producer of 60 Minutes, has been the subject of much criticism for his stubbornness. Since its origin, 60 Minutes has continued to adhere to the same formula that made it such a success. The hidden-camera interviews, the surprising of unsuspecting alleged crooks with a bombardment of questions, the longevity of the featured reporters, all of these are what made 60 Minutes a success--finishing in the top 10 Nielson ratings for 17 consecutive seasons and counting. Other than the fact that it changed from black- and-white to color with the new technology, the appearance of 60 Minutes has remained consistent. There is no reason to change a thing about such a prosperous show according to Hewitt. Not only has the format remained constant but the reporters have as well. Mike Wallace, and Harry Reasoner both appeared on the first episode of 60 Minutes. Reasoner, who passed away in 1991, left CBS in 1970 to pursue a news anchoring position at ABC but later returned to 60 Minutes, in 1978, until his death. Wallace and Morley Safer, who started in 1970, are still featured reporters as well as Ed Bradley (who joined the team in 1981) and newcomers Lesley Stahl and Steve Kroft. 60 Minutes would not be the same without the weekly commentary of Andy Rooney. Rooney started making a regular appearance in 1978 offering humorous, sometimes controversial annotations about everyday life. A well known prime time TV news anchor who did much of his best work at 60 Minutes is Dan Rather. When Rather joined the other prestigious journalists he had a reputation as a tough, aggressive reporter; in other words, he fit in perfectly. Rather left in 1981 to takeover The CBS Evening News, leaving with him a hard-nosed investigator who would do whatever it took to capture the whole story. All of these factors combined to form a one-of-a-kind TV newsmagazine with solid ratings; clones were destined to follow. Following in the wake of success, many spin-offs were created in an attempt to grab a piece of the action. There were many reasons for following the suite of 60 Minutes and not many reasons not to. The biggest incentive (in the eyes of the other network executives) for striving to reproduce 60 Minutes was the substantial amount of revenue created by this program. 60 Minutes requires a remarkably less amount of money to produce than a situation comedy. And because the CBS network owns the show, these were earnings that went straight to the corporation. 60 Minutes has turned out to be quite a goldmine for CBS because the program has not only brought in the highest profit of any other show in history, but most of all their other shows combined. It comes as no surprise that other networks dived into the newsmagazine business. Some of the more notable programs to cas h in on the new format for broadcasting news include Prime Time Live, 20/20, and Entertainment Tonight. Entertainment Tonight branched off into a less newsworthy, more Hollywood scene which later set the pace for PM Magazine,

Behavior Impact and Definition of Mirror Neurons

Behavior Impact and Definition of Mirror Neurons Mirror neurons are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing that same action, such as reaching for a lever. These neurons  respond to someone elses action just as if you yourself were doing it. This response is not restricted to sight. Mirror neurons can also fire when an individual knows or hears someone else performing a similar action. â€Å"The Same Action† It’s not always clear what’s meant by â€Å"the same action.† Do mirror neurons code actions corresponding to the movement itself (you move your muscles a certain way to grab food), or, are they responsive to something more abstract, the goal that the individual is trying to achieve with the movement (grabbing food)? It turns out that there are different types of mirror neurons, which differ in what they respond to. Strictly congruent mirror neurons fire only when the mirrored action is identical to the performed action- so both the goal and the movement are the same for both cases. Broadly congruent mirror neurons fire when the goal of the mirrored action is the same as the performed actions, but the two actions themselves are not necessarily identical. For example, you can grab an object with your hand or your mouth. Taken together, strictly congruent and broadly congruent mirror neurons, which together comprised more than 90 percent of the mirror neurons in the study that introduced these classifications,  represent what someone else did, and how they did it. Other, non-congruent mirror neurons don’t seem to exhibit a clear correlation between the performed and observed actions at first glance. Such mirror neurons may, for instance, fire both when you grasp an object and see someone else placing that object somewhere. These neurons could thus be activated at an even more abstract level. The Evolution of Mirror Neurons There are two main hypotheses for how and why mirror neurons evolved. The adaptation hypothesis states that monkeys and humans- and possibly other animals as well- are born with mirror neurons. In this hypothesis, mirror neurons came about through natural selection, enabling individuals to understand the actions of others. The associative learning hypothesis  asserts  that mirror neurons arise from experience. As you learn an action and see others performing a similar one, your brain learns to link the two events together. Mirror Neurons in Monkeys Mirror neurons were first described in 1992, when a team of neuroscientists led by Giacomo Rizzolatti recorded activity from single neurons in the macaque monkey brain and found that the same neurons fired both when a monkey performed certain actions, like grabbing food, and when they observed an experimenter performing  that same action. Rizzolatti’s discovery found mirror neurons in the premotor cortex, a part of the brain which helps plan and execute movements. Subsequent studies have also heavily investigated the inferior parietal cortex, which helps encode visual motion. Still other papers have described mirror neurons in other areas, including the medial frontal cortex, which has been recognized as important for social cognition. Mirror Neurons in Humans Direct Evidence In many studies on monkey brains, including Rizzolatti’s initial study and others involving mirror neurons, brain activity is directly recorded by inserting an electrode into the brain and measuring electrical activity. This technique is not used in many human studies. One mirror neuron study, however, directly probed the brains of epileptic patients during a pre-surgery evaluation. Scientists found potential mirror neurons in the medial frontal lobe and the medial temporal lobe, which helps code memory. Indirect Evidence Most studies involving mirror neurons in humans have presented indirect evidence pointing to mirror neurons in the brain. Multiple groups have imaged the brain and shown that brain areas which exhibited mirror-neuron-like activity in humans are similar to the brain areas containing mirror neurons in macaque monkeys. Interestingly, mirror neurons have also been observed in Broca’s area, which is responsible for producing language, though this has been the cause of much debate. Open Questions Such neuroimaging evidence seems promising. However, since individual neurons are not being directly probed during the experiment, it’s difficult to correlate this brain activity to specific neurons in the human brain- even if the imaged brain areas are very similar to those found in monkeys. According to Christian Keysers, a researcher who studies the human mirror neuron system, a small area on a brain scan can correspond to millions of neurons. Thus, the mirror neurons found in humans cannot be directly compared with those in monkeys to confirm whether the systems are the same. Furthermore, it is not necessarily clear whether the brain activity corresponding to an observed action is a response to other sensory experiences rather than mirroring. Possible Role in Social Cognition Since their discovery, mirror neurons have been considered one of the most important discoveries in neuroscience, intriguing experts and non-experts alike. Why the strong interest? It stems from the role mirror neurons may play in explaining social behavior. When humans interact with each other, they understand what other people do or feel. Thus, some researchers say that mirror neurons- which allow you to experience the actions of others- could shed light on some of the neural mechanisms underlying why we learn and communicate. For example, mirror neurons may provide insights on why we imitate other people, which is critical to understanding how humans learn, or how we understand other people’s actions, which could shed light on empathy. Based on their possible role in social cognition, at least one group has also proposed that a â€Å"broken mirror system† may also cause autism, which is partly characterized by difficulty in social interactions. They argue that reduced activity of mirror neurons prevents autistic individuals from understanding what others are feeling. Other researchers have stated this is an oversimplified view of autism: a review looked at 25 papers focusing on autism and a broken mirror system and concluded there was â€Å"little evidence† for this hypothesis. A number of researchers are much more cautious about whether mirror neurons are crucial to empathy and other social behavior. For example, even if you have never seen an action before, you are still capable of understanding it- for example, if you see Superman flying in a movie even if you can’t fly yourself. Evidence for this comes from individuals who have lost the capacity to perform certain actions, like brushing teeth, yet can still understand them when others perform them. Towards the future Though much research has been conducted on mirror neurons, there are still many lingering questions. For example, are they only restricted to certain areas of the brain? What is their real function? Do they really exist, or can their response be attributed to other neurons? Much more work has to be done to answer these questions. References A calm look at the most hyped concept in neuroscience – mirror neurons, Christian Jarrett, Wired.Acharya, S., and Shukla, S. â€Å"Mirror neurons: Enigma of the metaphysical modular brain.† Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-124, doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.101878.Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., and Rizzolatti, G. â€Å"Action recognition in the premotor cortex.† Brain, 1996, vol. 119, pp. 593-609, doi: 10.1093/brain/awp167.Hamilton, A. â€Å"Reflecting on the mirror neuron system in autism: A systematic review of current theories.† Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 91-105, doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.008Heyes, C. â€Å"Where do mirror neurons come from?† Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 575-583, doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.007.Keysers, C., and Fadiga, L. â€Å"The mirror neuron system: New frontiers.† Social Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 193-198, doi: 10.1080/17470910802408513.Kilner, J., and Lemon, R. â€Å"What we currently know about mirror neurons.† Current Biology, 2013, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. R1057-R1062, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.051. Kokal, I., Gazzola, V., and Keysers, C. Acting together in and beyond the mirror neuron system. Neuroimage, 2009, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 2046-2056, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.010.Miklà ³si, . Do dogs have mirror neurons? Scientific American Mind.Mirror neurons after a quarter century: New light, new cracks, JohnMark Taylor, Science in the News.Reflecting on mirror neurons, Mo Costandi, The Guardian.The mind’s mirror, Lea Winerman, Monitor on Psychology.Uithol, S., van Rooij, I., Bekkering, H., and Haselager, P. â€Å"What do mirror neurons mirror?† Philosophical Psychology, 2011, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 607-623, doi: 10.1080/09515089.2011.562604.What’s so special about mirror neurons?, Ben Thomas, Scientific American Guest Blog.Yoshida, K., Saito, N., Iriki, A., and Isoda, M. â€Å"Representation of others’ action by neurons in monkey medial frontal cortex.† Current Biology, 2011, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 249-253, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.004.

Banning Catcher in the Rye Essay Example for Free

Banning Catcher in the Rye Essay The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger should not be banned in schools based solely on the fact that it is a controversial book that uses harsh language and sexual references. This book is J. D. Salinger’s freedom of speech, and it is a violation of the first amendment for schools to ban this book. This book is only offering an inside look into what teenagers go through in some point of their lives. According to the Los Angeles Times, The Catcher in the Rye’s, â€Å"†¦ profanity and sexual references drew scandalized reactions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rotella 18). Although this book has many sexual references, it is not in any way as explicit and as bad as what teenagers see and hear nowadays on television and in the world. Holden occasionally thinks and talks about sex: â€Å"Most guys at Pencey talked about having sexual intercourse with girls all the time. † (Salinger 48). The average teenager often thinks and talks about sex. It is not unusual for teenagers to do this. The profanity in this book is also not as bad as it may seem. Patty Salazar, a concerned mother and religious activist, claims that, â€Å"‘It uses the Lord’s name in vain 200 times’† (Rotella 17), but the curse words used in The Catcher in the Rye are nothing that teenagers have not heard before in their everyday lives. Banning The Catcher in the Rye in school is not acceptable. It is a violation of the first amendment, and it is nothing far from what teenagers encounter everyday. This book gives teenagers someone in literature that they are able to relate to in one way or another. The Catcher in the Rye is not a book that will corrupt young readers. The underlying theme of this book is loss of innocence. This loss occurs when a teenager makes the change to adulthood where he or she is obscured by phoniness. By banning this book from schools, the only thing that teenagers would be sheltered from is reality. Banning Catcher in the Rye. (2016, Oct 02).

Geothermal Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Geothermal Energy - Essay Example Unlike the conventional method of burning fuels to produce the heat required, optimizing earth's energy from deep within the ground is by nature sustainable and would not take additional chemical process to be transformed to a useful form. Moreover, geothermal energy is never likely to contribute to greenhouse effect as fossil fuels are and once put up, the power plant would be self-sustaining or not necessitating external energies aside from the power it yields. Roughly 33,000 feet beneath the earth's surface lies heat that contains about fifty thousand times more energy compared to the combined presence of natural gas and oil currently processed by men. This inevitably fluid heat experiences high temperatures in various zones where layers upon layers of molten rock commonly known as 'magma' are continuously formed as a consequence of naturally occurring radioactive elements that undergo intense decomposition on a subatomic level for several years. Because magma is less dense than t he rocks surrounding it, it rises to the surface. Sometimes magma escapes through cracks in the Earth's crust, erupting out of volcanoes as part of lava. But most of the time magma stays beneath the surface, heating surrounding rocks and the water that has become trapped within those rocks. Sometimes that water escapes through cracks in the Earth to form pools of hot water (hot springs) or bursts of hot water and steam (geysers). The rest of the heated water remains in pools under the Earth's surface, called geothermal reservoirs. By the Earth’s crust shifting and allowing water to mix into natural hot-spots water is superheated and then vented through holes in the Earth’s surface with tremendous power. The superheated water generated at these locations can naturally reach temperatures of up to 200Â °C (430Â °F). Earth's core is nearly 6000Â °C - hot enough to melt a rock. Even a few kilometers down, the temperature can be over 250 Â °C given that the Earth's crust is thin. Temperature generally rises a degree Celsius for every 30 - 50 meters you go down, but this alters with respect to location. Among the hotspots from which geothermal energy may be obtained are certain states of America as Oregon, California, Alaska, and Nevada which possesses a significant number of volcanoes comprising the Pacific Rim or the Pacific 'Ring of Fire'. Hotspots are typically close to fault lines or young volcanoes were the Earth’s crust is thin enough to allow internal heat to escape and be accessed by as little drilling is possible. It may be a surprising fact to discover that besides these seismically active regions, any other location on earth ranging from a depth of 10 to a few hundred feet through the crust is capable of heating objects even at lower degrees. The capacity to generate electricity by extracting heat out of these places would of course depend on the quantity of drawn heat which can be converted to electrical energy. Landrello, in Ita ly is the first to own a geothermal power station, followed by Wairekei in New Zealand and a few others were built in Iceland, Japan, Indonesia,

Advanced audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Advanced audit - Essay Example Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. A competent, independent person should do auditing. To do audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. Information can and does take many forms. Auditors routinely perform audits of quantifiable information, including companies' financial statements and individuals' federal income tax returns. Auditors also perform audits of more subjective information, such as the effectiveness of computer systems, the efficiency of manufacturing operations and also some others such as social audit and environment audit1. An illustration about auditing is given below:In this figure summarizes the important ideas in the description of auditing by illustrating an audit of an individual's tax return was prepared in a manner consistent wi th the requirements of the federal internal revenue code. To accomplish the objective, the agent examines supporting records provided by the taxpayer and from other sources, such as the taxpayer's employer. After completing the audit, the internal revenue agent will issue a report to the taxpayer assessing additional taxes, advising that a refund is due, or stating that there is no change in the status of the tax return 2. Question one: Requirement 1: Social and environmental auditing: Environmental auditing is a key component of Environmental Policy. This process is a systematic, objective evaluation of facility operations and practices which is designed to: 1. Verify compliance with environmental regulations, internal policies, and accepted practices. 2. Evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management systems in place. The key findings of a UK survey carried out by the University of Dundee in 1995 under the title "The financial auditor and the environment" can be summarized as follows: - For most auditors "environment" is just another business issue and is treated no Differently from any other area of actual and potential risk. For a small minority, the moral dimensions and the longer-term implications of sustainability do suggest that environmental issues are qualitatively different from other matters. - UK businesses and their auditors generally face an uncertain environmental and legislative climate. It is often very difficult to assess from where the next major issue will emerge. - Most of the big auditing firms have initiated procedures within both their audit manuals/processes and within their training schedules. However, the majority of auditors do not perceive environmental issues as requiring special attention. They are simply part of knowing clients' businesses thoroughly. The International Auditing Practices Committee (IAPC) is finalising a draft of a proposed Practice Statement, which provides guidance for auditors on how to deal with environmental issues in auditing financial statements. Whereas an earlier IAPC draft had a wide scope covering also non-financial audit situations, the draft Practice Statement will probably restrict itself to financial audit issues under the headings (EAAR, 1996): - Consideration of environmental laws and regulations; - Knowledge of the business; - Risk assessments and internal control; - Detection risk/substantive procedures; - Using the work of others; - Management representations; - Reporting. Social audit: To achieve these Policy objectives the company operating affiliates will - Build relationships with people in the host country and especially with people indigenous to areas of operations or exploration. Work continuously to understand the culture and social patterns of the people in the host country and also work especially among the people who are indigenous to ar

Survival of the Fittest: Exploitation of Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge

Slavery has existed throughout history and it even exists today in various forms. Slavery is the imprisonment of an individual by another. Herbert Spencer proposed the idea of survival of the fittest in human society. With slavery, especially in today’s time, there are people who are socially stronger taking advantage of those who are weaker and more vulnerable. The societies of today view money as a form of power, and with this power it is used to entrap the weak and using them as disposable objects. One of the forms of slavery that exist today but goes unnoticed is human trafficking. Somaly Mam’s autobiography, The Road of Lost Innocence, gave her readers an inside look into her world as a sex slave in Cambodia. Throughout her book, she describes the cruel and awful things slaves experience throughout their slavery. Sex slaves and violence are persistent in societies around the world, especially in the Cambodian society, because of the lack of respect and morals a nd the disconnection between the people with in that society. Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Southern Asia. Cambodia’s poverty is causing a lot issues within the country; two of these issues are crime and enslavement. The citizens of that society are working hard and are receiving little to no pay. The damage that the Khmer Rouge has done to Cambodia has left the people emotionally and physically scarred. In Mam’s book she talks a lot about the effects that the Khmer Rouge had on the people and her country. Her words painted a picture for her readers showing the way people acted towards one another due to the Khmer Rouge. For example, she states, â€Å"It was important not to see, not to hear, not to know anything about what was happening† (Mam 14). Mam... ...the Khmer Rouge.† Time World, 17 February 2009 Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 Mam, Somaly. The Road of Lost Innocence: The True Story of a Cambodian Heroine. Ruth Marshall, Trans. New York: Spiegel& Grau, 2008. Pearl, Mariane. â€Å"Global Diary: Cambodia.† Glamour Magazine, 1 August 2006. Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 cambodia#ixzz1kXXN4LqD> Spencer, Channing. â€Å"Modern-Day Slavery in America: Sex Trafficking and Labor Exploitation.† Perspective Magazine, Harvard’s Liberal Monthly, 30 March 2010. Weinstein, David, "Herbert Spencer", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.) Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 .

John Donnes’ “A Valediction: Forbidden Mourning” Essay

In the poem â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning†, by John Donne, the speaker is consoling his lover who is mournful of the speaker’s imminent departure. The speaker is saying that since they have stronger than ordinary love for one another, their love will endure the separation. Donne uses metaphysical conceits and comparative imagery to illustrate the crux of the poem. The speaker is reassuring his lover by reminding her of how great their love is; it transcends the physical and therefore will overcome whatever obstacle is set on their path. He is forbidding his lover to mourn his departure. In the first half of the poem the speaker contrasts their love between that of spiritual and material objects; the inferior actions of the earth compared to those of the heavenly â€Å"spheres† (11). He is trying to prove to his lover how their love is not of the ordinary kind; it is more than simple affection. He compares their love to that of pure gold saying â€Å"let us melt, and make no noise† (5). Pure gold, when melted, does not spatter, it melts down smoothly. Therefore he is saying that if there love was gold it would make no noise for their love is that of the purest kind. The speaker then says that earthly things â€Å"[bring] harm and fears† (9) but since their love is above earthly matters, they should consequently not be afraid of parting. The speaker feels that there should be no grieving and exaggerates his lovers anguish, telling her there should be â€Å"no tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests† (6). The narrator talks of â€Å"dull sublunary lovers†¦whose [souls are] sense'† (13/14); these lesser couples’ love is based upon the five senses. He is saying that love cannot be simply based upon these senses, which are purely physical. Love has to transcend the physical to be pure and their love does. The speakers tone then turns comforting by saying that they both know that their love is more than physical therefore they should be at ease. A physical separation is ensuing but not an emotional one: their love will endure. He describes their â€Å"two souls†¦which are one† (21). He says that their separation will not be a â€Å"breach but an expansion† (24) of their love; their souls are united and cannot be separated by whatever forces shall come in their way. He continues to develop the image between their love and pure gold by saying that through this separation their souls will simply spread  apart â€Å"to aery thinness† (24) but never separate (as does pure gold when flattened). Donne compares the couple to a geometrical compass, a metaphor which carries two significant meanings. The first being the idea of a compass being two separate entities, two feet, which are attached but not always together. He says that the compass is them, separate beings but still united as one, by their soul. One foot of the compass will stay as the other moves around and away, and the stationary foot â€Å"hearkens after it† (31) but is unable join the other. The speaker is making the point that not matter how far one of them may travel they will always complete the circle and eventually return to the beginning. The compass also portrays their love as a circle. A circle is an image of perfection: never ending and continuing for eternity as is their love. The speaker is saying that no matter how far apart they may travel they will always come back to one another. He may travel far but he will   [draw] his circle just, and†¦ end, where [he] began† (36). The speaker described before how their love transcends the physical, it is deeper than sex and arousal of the senses. In the final stanzas though, the speaker addresses all the factors of any healthy relationship. The speaker says that his â€Å"compass foot†, as it draws nearer home, grows â€Å"erect† (32), an allusion to the sexual component of their relationship. Despite the awesome power of an emotionally based relationship there is still a strong a physical aspect. He misses her with his soul but also physically yearns for her. This poem is written to comfort a lover. Donne opens with comparative images of the physical and earthly, saying that the sentiment between the two lovers is more than earthly love. He then uses metaphysical conceits, comparisons of unrelated objects–the physical and the spiritual–to further emphasize his point. The two compasses, no matter how far apart they travel will always return to the other. If one is truly in love then physical separation does not matter; if anything it will only strengthen the union. The feelings between the speaker and his lover are greater than common love, therefore they can endure the separation; the speaker’s departure should not  be mourned.

Timeline and History of Chocolate and the Cocoa Bean

Chocolate has a long and fascinating past, as delicious as its taste. Heres a timeline of notable dates in its history! 1500 BC-400 BC: The Olmec Indians are believed to be the first to grow cocoa beans as a domestic crop.250 to 900 CE: The consumption of cocoa beans was restricted to the Mayan societys elite, in the form of an unsweetened cocoa drink made from the ground beans.AD 600: Mayans migrate into northern regions of South America establishing earliest known cocoa plantations in the Yucatan.14th Century: The drink became popular among the Aztec upper classes who usurped the cocoa beverage from the Mayans and were the first to tax the beans. The Aztecs called it xocalatl meaning warm or bitter liquid.1502: Columbus encountered a great Mayan trading canoe in Guanaja carrying cocoa beans as cargo.1519: Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez recorded the cocoa usage in the court of Emperor Montezuma.1544: Dominican friars took a delegation of Kekchi Mayan nobles to visit Prince Philip of Spain. The Mayans brought gift jars of beaten cocoa, mixed and ready to drink. Spain and Portugal did not export the beloved drink to the rest of Europe for nearly a century.16th Century Europe: The Spanish began to add cane sugar and flavorings such as vanilla to their sweet cocoa beverages.1570: Cocoa gained popularity as a medicine and aphrodisiac.1585: First official shipments of cocoa beans began arriving in Seville from Vera Cruz, Mexico.1657: The first chocolate house was opened in London by a Frenchman. The shop was called The Coffee Mill and Tobacco Roll. Costing 10 to 15 shillings per pound, chocolate was considered a beverage for the elite class.1674: Eating solid chocolate was introduced in the form of chocolate rolls and cakes served in chocolate emporiums.1730: Cocoa beans had dropped in price from $3 per pound to a price within the financial reach of those other than the very wealthy.1732: French inventor, Monsieur Dubuisson invented a table mill for grinding cocoa beans.1753: Swedish naturalist, Carolus Linnaeus was dissatisfied with the word cocoa, so renamed it theobroma, Greek f or food of the gods.1765: Chocolate was introduced to the United States when Irish chocolate-maker John Hanan imported cocoa beans from the West Indies into Dorchester, Massachusetts, to refine them with the help of American Dr. James Baker. The pair soon after built Americas first chocolate mill and by 1780, the mill was making the famous BAKERS  ® chocolate.1795: Dr. Joseph Fry of Bristol, England, employed a steam engine for grinding cocoa beans, an invention that led to the manufacture of chocolate on a large factory scale.1800: Antoine Brutus Menier built the first industrial manufacturing facility for chocolate.1819: The pioneer of Swiss chocolate-making, Franà §ois Louis Callier, opened the first Swiss chocolate factory.1828: The invention of the cocoa press, by Conrad Van Houten, helped cut prices and improve the quality of chocolate by squeezing out some of the cocoa butter and giving the beverage a smoother consistency. Conrad Van Houten patented his invention in Amster dam and his alkalizing process became known as Dutching. Several years earlier, Van Houten was the first to add alkaline salts to powdered cocoa to make it mix better with water.1830: A form of solid eating chocolate was developed by Joseph Fry Sons, a British chocolate maker.1847: Joseph Fry Son discovered a way to mix some of the cocoa butter back into the Dutched chocolate, and added sugar, creating a paste that could be molded. The result was the first modern chocolate bar.1849: Joseph Fry Son and Cadbury Brothers displayed chocolates for eating at an exhibition in Bingley Hall, Birmingham, England.1851: Prince Alberts Exposition in London was the first time that Americans were introduced to bonbons, chocolate creams, hand candies (called boiled sweets), and caramels.1861: Richard Cadbury created the first known heart-shaped candy box for Valentines Day.1868: John Cadbury mass-marketed the first boxes of chocolate candies.1876: Daniel Peter of Vevey, Switzerland, experimented for eight years before finally inventing a means of making milk chocolate for eating.1879: Daniel Peter and Henri Nestlà © joined together to form the Nestlà © Company.1879: Rodolphe Lindt of Berne, Switzerland, produced smoother and creamier chocolate that melted on the tongue. He invented the conching machine. To conch meant to heat and roll chocolate in order to refine it. After chocolate had been conched for seventy-two hours and had more cocoa butter added to it, it was possible to create chocolate fondant and other creamy forms of chocolate.1897: The first known published recipe for chocolate brownies appeared in the Sears and Roebuck Catalogue.1910: Canadian, Arthur Ganong marketed the first nickel chocolate bar. William Cadbury urged several English and American companies to join him in refusing to buy cacao beans from plantations with poor labor conditions.1913: Swiss confectioner  Jules Sechaud of Montreux introduced a machine process for manufacturing filled chocolat es.1926: Belgian chocolatier, Joseph Draps starts the Godiva Company to compete with Hersheys and Nestles American market. Special thanks go to John Bozaan for the additional research.